JMU JMIR Mhealth Uhealth JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2291-5222 JMIR Publications Toronto, Canada v6i1e20 29334479 10.2196/mhealth.8789 Corrigenda and Addenda Corrigenda and Addenda Correction: Mobile App-Based Interventions to Support Diabetes Self-Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials to Identify Functions Associated with Glycemic Efficacy Eysenbach Gunther Wu Yuan MD 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0952-6132 Yao Xun MD 2 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-5675 Vespasiani Giacomo MD 3 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6930-485X Nicolucci Antonio MD 4 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5939-6850 Dong Yajie MD 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-9075 Kwong Joey PhD 5 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7473-3827 Li Ling PhD 5 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-1856 Sun Xin PhD 5 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6554-7088 Tian Haoming MM 1 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-4733 Li Sheyu MD 1
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism West China Hospital Sichuan University 37# Guoxue Road Wuhou District Chengdu, 610041 China 86 13194874843 86 2885422982 lisheyu@gmail.com
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0060-0287 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China 2 Department of Academic Affairs West China School of Medicine Sichuan University Chengdu China 3 Diabetes Unit Madonna del Soccorso Hospital San Benedetto del Tronto (AP) Italy 4 Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology Pescara Italy 5 Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China Corresponding Author: Sheyu Li lisheyu@gmail.com 012018 15 01 2018 6 1 e20 20 8 2017 15 12 2017 ©Yuan Wu, Xun Yao, Giacomo Vespasiani, Antonio Nicolucci, Yajie Dong, Joey Kwong, Ling Li, Xin Sun, Haoming Tian, Sheyu Li. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 15.01.2018. 2018

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR mhealth and uhealth, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://mhealth.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

 http://mhealth.jmir.org/2017/3/e35/

In “Mobile App-Based Interventions to Support Diabetes Self-Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials to Identify Functions Associated with Glycemic Efficacy” (JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017;5(3):e35), there was an error in Table 2. The “Mean (SD) HbA1c, %: baseline; end; change” for “Rossi 2013” should read “I: 8.4 (NR); 7.9 (NR); –0.5 (NR); C: 8.5 (NR); 8.1 (NR); –0.5 (NR)” instead of “I: 8.4 (0.1); 7.9 (0.1); –0.5 (0.1); C: 8.5 (0.1); 8.1 (0.1); –0.5 (0.1)”.

As a result, data were slightly changed as follows:

In the Results subsection of the Abstract, the data were changed in 4 places:

“Across 12 included trials involving 974 participants, using app-based interventions was associated with a clinically significant reduction of HbA1c (MD 0.48%, 95% CI 0.19%-0.78%) without excess adverse events”;

“Larger HbA1c reductions were noted among patients with type 2 diabetes than those with type 1 diabetes (MD 0.67%, 95% CI 0.30%-1.03% vs MD 0.37%, 95% CI –0.12%-0.86%)”;

“Having a complication prevention module in app-based interventions was associated with a greater HbA1c reduction (with complication prevention: MD 1.31%, 95% CI 0.66%-1.96% vs without: MD 0.38%, 95% CI 0.09%-0.67%; intersubgroup P=.01), as was having a structured display (with structured display: MD 0.69%, 95% CI 0.32%-1.06% vs without: MD 0.17%, 95% CI –0.18%-0.53%; intersubgroup P=.05).”

“However, having a clinical decision-making function was not associated with a larger HbA1c reduction (with clinical decision making: MD 0.19%, 95% CI –0.24%-0.63% vs without: MD 0.61%, 95% CI 0.27%-0.95%; intersubgroup P=.14).

In the Effects of Mobile App-Based Interventions on HbA1c subsection of the Results, the data were changed in 4 places:

”The use of mobile app-based interventions was associated with a clinically significant HbA1c reduction of 0.48% (95% CI 0.19%-0.78%, I2=76%, P<.001);

“The use of app-based interventions did not achieve statistical significance among patients with T1DM (MD 0.37%, 95% CI –0.12%-0.86%, I2=86%, P<.001)”;

Figure 4;

Figure 5.

In the Effects of Modules, Risks, and Technologies of App-Based Interventions on HbA1c subsection of the Results, data were corrected in the following 5 places:

“We noted a greater HbA1c reduction when interventions included a complication prevention module (with complication prevention: MD 1.31%, 95% CI 0.66%-1.96%, I2=0%, P=.84 vs without: MD 0.38%, 95% CI 0.09%-0.68%, I2=76%, P<.001; test for subgroup difference P=.01)”;

“Having a structured display was also associated with a larger HbA1c reduction (with structured display: MD 0.69%, 95% CI 0.32%-1.06%, I2=63%, P=.008 vs without: MD 0.17%, 95% CI –0.18% to 0.53%, I2=75%, P=.007; test for subgroup difference P=.05)”;

“For high-risk interventions with a clinical decision-making function, the reduction of HbA1c was 0.19% (95% CI –0.24%-0.63%, I2=82%, P=.004), while the reduction was 0.61% (95% CI 0.27%-0.95%, I2=64%, P=.005) for potential-risk interventions without clinical decision making (test for subgroup difference P=.14)”;

“Interventions using manual entry showed an associated lower HbA1c reduction without statistical significance (wire connection: MD 0.70%, 95% CI 0.33%-1.07% vs wireless connection: MD 0.53% CI 0.15%-0.92%, I2 =46%, P=.10 vs manual entry: MD 0.37%, 95% CI –0.12%-0.86%, I2 =86%, P<.001; test for subgroup difference P=.56)”;

Figure 6.

In the Principal Findings subsection of the Discussion, the data were corrected in 4 places:

1) “The meta-analysis of 12 RCTs demonstrated that app-based interventions were associated with a statistically and clinically significant HbA1c reduction of 0.48% (95% CI 0.19%-0.78%)”;

2) “We noted larger HbA1c reductions for patients with T2DM (MD 0.67%, 95% CI 0.30%-1.03%) than those with T1DM (MD 0.37%, 95% CI –0.12%-0.86%)”;

3) “The exploratory subgroup analyses showed that having a clinical decision-making function in app-based interventions was not associated with a greater HbA1c reduction (with clinical decision making: MD 0.19%, 95% CI –0.24%-0.63% vs without: MD 0.61%, 95% CI 0.27%-0.95%; intersubgroup P=.14)”.

The corrected article will appear in the online version of the paper on the JMIR website on January 15, 2018, together with the publication of this correction notice. Because this was made after submission to PubMed or Pubmed Central and other full-text repositories, the corrected article also has been re-submitted to those repositories.

Please see the corrected data and figures here.

Effects of app-based mobile health interventions on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). MD: mean difference.

Effects of app-based mobile health interventions on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). MD: mean difference.

Effects of modules, risks, and technologies of app-based mobile health interventions on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). MD: mean difference.