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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="letter" dtd-version="2.0">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JMU</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">JMIR Mhealth Uhealth</journal-id>
      <journal-title>JMIR mHealth and uHealth</journal-title>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2291-5222</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>JMIR Publications</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Toronto, Canada</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">v11i1e48652</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="pmid">37721787</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2196/48652</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Methodological Considerations for a Diabetes Family-Based eHealth Intervention</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Leung</surname>
            <given-names>Tiffany</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib id="contrib1" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" equal-contrib="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Brož</surname>
            <given-names>Jan</given-names>
          </name>
          <degrees>PhD</degrees>
          <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
          <address>
            <institution>Department of Internal Medicine</institution>
            <institution>Second Faculty of Medicine</institution>
            <institution>Charles University</institution>
            <addr-line>V Úvalu 84</addr-line>
            <addr-line>Prague, 150 00</addr-line>
            <country>Czech Republic</country>
            <fax>420 22 443 4019</fax>
            <phone>420 734738858</phone>
            <email>zorb@seznam.cz</email>
          </address>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-7333</ext-link>
        </contrib>
        <contrib id="contrib2" contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Campbell</surname>
            <given-names>Matthew D</given-names>
          </name>
          <degrees>PhD</degrees>
          <xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
          <xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
          <xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5883-5041</ext-link>
        </contrib>
        <contrib id="contrib3" contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Krollová</surname>
            <given-names>Pavlína</given-names>
          </name>
          <degrees>MD</degrees>
          <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7311-9186</ext-link>
        </contrib>
        <contrib id="contrib4" contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Michalec</surname>
            <given-names>Juraj</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5484-3742</ext-link>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution>Department of Internal Medicine</institution>
        <institution>Second Faculty of Medicine</institution>
        <institution>Charles University</institution>
        <addr-line>Prague</addr-line>
        <country>Czech Republic</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution>School of Nursing and Health Sciences</institution>
        <institution>University of Sunderland</institution>
        <addr-line>Sunderland</addr-line>
        <country>United Kingdom</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution>Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science</institution>
        <institution>University of Cambridge</institution>
        <addr-line>Cambridge</addr-line>
        <country>United Kingdom</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution>Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Medicine</institution>
        <institution>University of Leeds</institution>
        <addr-line>Leeds</addr-line>
        <country>United Kingdom</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp>Corresponding Author: Jan Brož <email>zorb@seznam.cz</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>9</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>11</volume>
      <elocation-id>e48652</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>2</day>
          <month>5</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>8</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <copyright-statement>©Jan Brož, Matthew D Campbell, Pavlína Krollová, Juraj Michalec. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (https://mhealth.jmir.org), 18.09.2023.</copyright-statement>
      <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
      <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
        <p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://mhealth.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.</p>
      </license>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://mhealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e48652" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <related-article related-article-type="commentary-article" id="v11i1e40420" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.2196/40420" vol="11" page="e40420" xlink:type="simple">http://www.jmir.org/2023/1/e40420/</related-article>
      <related-article related-article-type="commentary" id="v11i1e52204" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.2196/52204" vol="11" page="e52204" xlink:type="simple">http://mhealth.jmir.org/2023/1/e52204/</related-article>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>public health</kwd>
        <kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>randomized controlled trial</kwd>
        <kwd>community health center</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec>
      <title/>
      <p>We read with interest the article by Feng et al [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>], “The Effectiveness of an eHealth Family-Based Intervention Program in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Community Via WeChat: Randomized Controlled Trial,” published in this journal.</p>
      <p>This trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of an eHealth family-based health education intervention for patients with T2DM to improve their glucose control, risk perception, and self-care behaviors.</p>
      <p>After 1 year of intervention, patients in the intervention arm showed significantly lower hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> (HbA<sub>1c</sub>) values and improved several diabetes control–related skills (eg, general diet, special diet, blood sugar testing, foot care, risk knowledge, and personal control).</p>
      <p>The authors concluded that the eHealth family-based intervention improved glucose control and self-care activities among patients with T2DM by aiding the implementation of interventions to enhance T2DM risk perceptions among family members. The intervention is generalizable for patients with T2DM using health management systems in community health centers. We applaud the authors in the preparation and execution of the study but have several questions that we feel would benefit the article’s readership.</p>
      <p>In our observational study focused on metabolic control in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes treated with insulin in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, we found a high clinical inertia resulting in a minimal and clinically insignificant difference in the mean HbA<sub>1c</sub> within 3 years. Thus, we believe any new intervention targeting a long-term stabilized balance between the health carers’ therapeutic approach and the corresponding patient response is essential and can lead to substantial positive results [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>].</p>
      <p>Based on the 7-point scale, the differences in the individual skills observed are not very large. From the authors’ perspective, which intervention had the most significant effect on changes in HbA<sub>1c</sub>?</p>
      <p>Patients in the intervention group met with their physicians every 3 months. Is information available on the frequency of doctor visits in the control group?</p>
      <p>The improvements in HbA<sub>1c</sub> values in the intervention arm are substantial. They even correspond to possible major changes in treatment (eg, initiation of insulin therapy) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">4</xref>]. Were treatment changes monitored during the study, as these could be responsible for the HbA<sub>1c</sub> improvement?</p>
      <p>It is also known that patients with higher HbA<sub>1c</sub> levels benefit more from changes in therapy [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">4</xref>]. A subanalysis of HbA<sub>1c</sub> changes in correlation with their baseline levels would further contribute to the discussion of the generalizability of the intervention design.</p>
      <p>We respectfully suggest considering these remarks, especially if a study continuation is planned.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <app-group/>
    <glossary>
      <title>Abbreviations</title>
      <def-list>
        <def-item>
          <term id="abb1">HbA<sub>1c</sub></term>
          <def>
            <p>hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub></p>
          </def>
        </def-item>
        <def-item>
          <term id="abb2">T2DM</term>
          <def>
            <p>type 2 diabetes mellitus</p>
          </def>
        </def-item>
      </def-list>
    </glossary>
    <ack>
      <p>The article was supported by the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic – conceptual development of research organization, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, 00064203.</p>
    </ack>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="conflict">
        <p>None declared.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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</article>
