@Article{info:doi/10.2196/mhealth.2522,
author="Bock, Beth
and Heron, Kristin
and Jennings, Ernestine
and Morrow, Kathleen
and Cobb, Victoria
and Magee, Joshua
and Fava, Joseph
and Deutsch, Christopher
and Foster, Robert",
title="A Text Message Delivered Smoking Cessation Intervention: The Initial Trial of TXT-2-Quit: Randomized Controlled Trial",
journal="JMIR Mhealth Uhealth",
year="2013",
month="Jul",
day="30",
volume="1",
number="2",
pages="e17",
keywords="smoking cessation; tobacco; texting, text messaging; mobile health; mHealth; health communications",
abstract="Background: Mobile technology offers the potential to deliver health-related interventions to individuals who would not otherwise present for in-person treatment. Text messaging (short message service, SMS), being the most ubiquitous form of mobile communication, is a promising method for reaching the most individuals. Objective: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a smoking cessation intervention program delivered through text messaging. Methods: Adult participants (N=60, age range 18-52 years) took part in a single individual smoking cessation counseling session, and were then randomly assigned to receive either daily non-smoking related text messages (control condition) or the TXT-2-Quit (TXT) intervention. TXT consisted of automated smoking cessation messages tailored to individual's stage of smoking cessation, specialized messages provided on-demand based on user requests for additional support, and a peer-to-peer social support network. Generalized estimating equation analysis was used to assess the primary outcome (7-day point-prevalence abstinence) using a 2 (treatment groups){\texttimes}3 (time points) repeated measures design across three time points: 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Results: Smoking cessation results showed an overall significant group difference in 7-day point prevalence abstinence across all follow-up time points. Individuals given the TXT intervention, with higher odds of 7-day point prevalence abstinence for the TXT group compared to the Mojo group (OR=4.52, 95{\%} CI=1.24, 16.53).  However, individual comparisons at each time point did not show significant between-group differences, likely due to reduced statistical power.  Intervention feasibility was greatly improved by switching from traditional face-to-face recruitment methods (4.7{\%} yield) to an online/remote strategy (41.7{\%} yield). Conclusions: Although this study was designed to develop and provide initial testing of the TXT-2-Quit system, these initial findings provide promising evidence that a text-based intervention can be successfully implemented with a diverse group of adult smokers. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01166464; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01166464 (Archived by WebCite athttp://www.webcitation.org/6IOE8XdE0).  ",
issn="2291-5222",
doi="10.2196/mhealth.2522",
url="http://mhealth.jmir.org/2013/2/e17/",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.2522",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25098502"
}