@Article{info:doi/10.2196/13059,
author="Spears, Claire Adams
and Abroms, Lorien C
and Glass, Carol R
and Hedeker, Donald
and Eriksen, Michael P
and Cottrell-Daniels, Cherell
and Tran, Binh Q
and Wetter, David W",
title="Mindfulness-Based Smoking Cessation Enhanced With Mobile Technology (iQuit Mindfully): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial",
journal="JMIR Mhealth Uhealth",
year="2019",
month="Jun",
day="24",
volume="7",
number="6",
pages="e13059",
keywords="text messaging; smoking cessation; low-income populations",
abstract="Background: Mindfulness training shows promise for improving smoking cessation and lapse recovery, and between-session mobile health messages could enhance treatment engagement and effectiveness. Personalized, in-the-moment text messaging support could be particularly useful for low-income smokers with fewer smoking cessation resources. Objective: This pilot study examined the feasibility of a text messaging program (iQuit Mindfully) as an adjunct to in-person Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment (MBAT) for smoking cessation. Methods: A total of 71 participants were randomly assigned to MBAT (n=33) or iQuit Mindfully (n=38; MBAT + between-session text messages); of these, 70{\%} (50/71) were African American, and 61{\%} (43/71) had an annual household income of US {\$}30,000 or less. All participants received 8 weekly therapist-led group counseling sessions, nicotine patches, and self-help materials. Outcomes were feasibility (attrition, engagement, and participants' ratings), participants' feedback regarding the text messaging intervention, and smoking cessation (assessed in person). Results: Strong retention was achieved (76{\%} [54/71] at the end of treatment, and 89{\%} [63/71] at 1-month follow-up). In the iQuit Mindfully group, engagement was high (88{\%} [29/33] indicated reading all or most texts, and 89{\%} [34/38] engaged in interactive texting), and participants provided positive ratings (on a 1-10 scale, average rating for recommending the program to others was 8.4 [SD 2.5]). Participants indicated benefiting from the texts (eg, appreciating encouraging reminders, coping strategies, and social support) and suggested improvements (eg, more personalization). Overall, biochemically confirmed smoking cessation rates were 22{\%} (12/55) at the end of treatment and 19{\%} (12/62) at 1-month follow-up, with no differences between conditions. Living below the poverty level predicted worse cessation outcomes at 1-month follow-up among participants receiving in-person only treatment (P=.03) but not among those receiving iQuit Mindfully. Conclusions: Text messaging appears to be a feasible and acceptable modality for supporting mindfulness-based smoking cessation treatment. The availability of 24/7 text messaging might be particularly helpful for low-income smokers who have access to fewer cessation resources and experience significant day-to-day barriers to quitting. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03029819; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03029819 ",
issn="2291-5222",
doi="10.2196/13059",
url="http://mhealth.jmir.org/2019/6/e13059/",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/13059",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31237242"
}