%0 Journal Article
%@ 2291-5222
%I JMIR Publications Inc.
%V 4
%N 2
%P e49
%T Text Messaging-Based Interventions for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
%A Scott-Sheldon,Lori A. J
%A Lantini,Ryan 
%A Jennings,Ernestine G
%A Thind,Herpreet
%A Rosen,Rochelle K
%A Salmoirago-Blotcher,Elena
%A Bock,Beth C
%+ Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, CORO Building, Suite 309, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, United States, 1 401 793 8714, lori_scott-sheldon@brown.edu
%K text messaging
%K smoking cessation
%K intervention
%K cigarette smoking
%K meta-analysis
%D 2016
%7 20.05.2016
%9 Review
%J JMIR mHealth uHealth
%G English
%X Background: Tobacco use is one of the leading preventable global health problems producing nearly 6 million smoking-related deaths per year. Interventions delivered via text messaging (short message service, SMS) may increase access to educational and support services that promote smoking cessation across diverse populations. Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to (1) evaluate the efficacy of text messaging interventions on smoking outcomes, (2) determine the robustness of the evidence, and (3) identify moderators of intervention efficacy. Methods: Electronic bibliographic databases were searched for records with relevant key terms. Studies were included if they used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine a text messaging intervention focusing on smoking cessation. Raters coded sample and design characteristics, and intervention content. Summary effect sizes, using random-effects models, were calculated and potential moderators were examined. Results: The meta-analysis included 20 manuscripts with 22 interventions (N=15,593; 8128 (54%) women; mean age=29) from 10 countries. Smokers who received a text messaging intervention were more likely to abstain from smoking relative to controls across a number of measures of smoking abstinence including 7-day point prevalence (odds ratio (OR)=1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.22, 1.55, k=16) and continuous abstinence (OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.19, 2.24, k=7). Text messaging interventions were also more successful in reducing cigarette consumption relative to controls (d+=0.14, 95% CI=0.05, 0.23, k=9). The effect size estimates were biased when participants who were lost to follow-up were excluded from the analyses. Cumulative meta-analysis using the 18 studies (k=19) measuring abstinence revealed that the benefits of using text message interventions were established only after only five RCTs (k=5) involving 8383 smokers (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.15, 1.67, P<.001). The inclusion of the subsequent 13 RCTs (k=14) with 6870 smokers did not change the established efficacy of text message interventions for smoking abstinence (OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.25, 1.51, P<.001). Smoking abstinence rates were stronger when text messaging interventions (1) were conducted in Asia, North America, or Europe, (2) sampled fewer women, and (3) recruited participants via the Internet. Conclusions: The evidence for the efficacy of text messaging interventions to reduce smoking behavior is well-established. Using text messaging to support quitting behavior, and ultimately long-term smoking abstinence, should be a public health priority. 
%M 27207211
%R 10.2196/mhealth.5436
%U http://mhealth.jmir.org/2016/2/e49/
%U https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.5436
%U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27207211