%0 Journal Article
%@ 2291-5222
%I JMIR Publications
%V 7
%N 6
%P e13059
%T Mindfulness-Based Smoking Cessation Enhanced With Mobile Technology (iQuit Mindfully): Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
%A Spears,Claire Adams
%A Abroms,Lorien C
%A Glass,Carol R
%A Hedeker,Donald
%A Eriksen,Michael P
%A Cottrell-Daniels,Cherell
%A Tran,Binh Q
%A Wetter,David W
%+ Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, Georgia State University School of Public Health, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States, 1 404 413 9335, cspears@gsu.edu
%K text messaging
%K smoking cessation
%K low-income populations
%D 2019
%7 24.06.2019
%9 Original Paper
%J JMIR Mhealth Uhealth
%G English
%X Background: Mindfulness training shows promise for improving smoking cessation and lapse recovery, and between-session mobile health messages could enhance treatment engagement and effectiveness. Personalized, in-the-moment text messaging support could be particularly useful for low-income smokers with fewer smoking cessation resources. Objective: This pilot study examined the feasibility of a text messaging program (iQuit Mindfully) as an adjunct to in-person Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment (MBAT) for smoking cessation. Methods: A total of 71 participants were randomly assigned to MBAT (n=33) or iQuit Mindfully (n=38; MBAT + between-session text messages); of these, 70% (50/71) were African American, and 61% (43/71) had an annual household income of US $30,000 or less. All participants received 8 weekly therapist-led group counseling sessions, nicotine patches, and self-help materials. Outcomes were feasibility (attrition, engagement, and participants’ ratings), participants’ feedback regarding the text messaging intervention, and smoking cessation (assessed in person). Results: Strong retention was achieved (76% [54/71] at the end of treatment, and 89% [63/71] at 1-month follow-up). In the iQuit Mindfully group, engagement was high (88% [29/33] indicated reading all or most texts, and 89% [34/38] engaged in interactive texting), and participants provided positive ratings (on a 1-10 scale, average rating for recommending the program to others was 8.4 [SD 2.5]). Participants indicated benefiting from the texts (eg, appreciating encouraging reminders, coping strategies, and social support) and suggested improvements (eg, more personalization). Overall, biochemically confirmed smoking cessation rates were 22% (12/55) at the end of treatment and 19% (12/62) at 1-month follow-up, with no differences between conditions. Living below the poverty level predicted worse cessation outcomes at 1-month follow-up among participants receiving in-person only treatment (P=.03) but not among those receiving iQuit Mindfully. Conclusions: Text messaging appears to be a feasible and acceptable modality for supporting mindfulness-based smoking cessation treatment. The availability of 24/7 text messaging might be particularly helpful for low-income smokers who have access to fewer cessation resources and experience significant day-to-day barriers to quitting. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03029819; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03029819 
%M 31237242
%R 10.2196/13059
%U http://mhealth.jmir.org/2019/6/e13059/
%U https://doi.org/10.2196/13059
%U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31237242