%0 Journal Article
%@ 2291-5222
%I JMIR Publications
%V 9
%N 9
%P e28378
%T Diagnostic Accuracy of Smartphone-Based Audiometry for Hearing Loss Detection: Meta-analysis
%A Chen,Chih-Hao
%A Lin,Heng-Yu Haley
%A Wang,Mao-Che
%A Chu,Yuan-Chia
%A Chang,Chun-Yu
%A Huang,Chii-Yuan
%A Cheng,Yen-Fu
%+ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan, 886 2 2871 2121 ext 1292, yfcheng2@vghtpe.gov.tw
%K audiometry
%K hearing loss
%K hearing test
%K mhealth
%K mobile health
%K digital health
%K meta-analysis
%K mobile phone
%K smartphone diagnostic test accuracy
%D 2021
%7 10.9.2021
%9 Original Paper
%J JMIR Mhealth Uhealth
%G English
%X Background: Hearing loss is one of the most common disabilities worldwide and affects both individual and public health. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) is the gold standard for hearing assessment, but it is often not available in many settings, given its high cost and demand for human resources. Smartphone-based audiometry may be equally effective and can improve access to adequate hearing evaluations. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the current evidence of the role of smartphone-based audiometry in hearing assessments and further explore the factors that influence its diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Five databases—PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus—were queried to identify original studies that examined the diagnostic accuracy of hearing loss measurement using smartphone-based devices with conventional PTA as a reference test. A bivariate random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled sensitivity and specificity. The factors associated with diagnostic accuracy were identified using a bivariate meta-regression model. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Results: In all, 25 studies with a total of 4470 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for smartphone-based audiometry were 89% (95% CI 83%-93%), 93% (95% CI 87%-97%), and 0.96 (95% CI 0.93-0.97), respectively; the corresponding values for the smartphone-based speech recognition test were 91% (95% CI 86%-94%), 88% (95% CI 75%-94%), and 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.95), respectively. Meta-regression analysis revealed that patient age, equipment used, and the presence of soundproof booths were significantly related to diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: We have presented comprehensive evidence regarding the effectiveness of smartphone-based tests in diagnosing hearing loss. Smartphone-based audiometry may serve as an accurate and accessible approach to hearing evaluations, especially in settings where conventional PTA is unavailable. 
%M 34515644
%R 10.2196/28378
%U https://mhealth.jmir.org/2021/9/e28378/
%U https://doi.org/10.2196/28378
%U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34515644