TY  - JOUR
AU  - Faqar Uz Zaman, Sara Fatima
AU  - Sliwinski, Svenja
AU  - Mohr-Wetzel, Lisa
AU  - Dreilich, Julia
AU  - Filmann, Natalie
AU  - Detemble, Charlotte
AU  - Zmuc, Dora
AU  - Chun, Felix
AU  - Derwich, Wojciech
AU  - Schreiner, Waldemar
AU  - Bechstein, Wolf
AU  - Fleckenstein, Johannes
AU  - Schnitzbauer, Andreas A
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/2/10
TI  - Validity, Accuracy, and Safety Assessment of an Aerobic Interval Training Using an App-Based Prehabilitation Program (PROTEGO MAXIMA Trial) Before Major Surgery: Prospective, Interventional Pilot Study
JO  - JMIR Mhealth Uhealth
SP  - e55298
VL  - 13
KW  - digital health
KW  - prehab
KW  - major surgery
KW  - surgical oncology
KW  - smartwatches
KW  - safety and quality
KW  - surgery
KW  - surgical
KW  - oncology
KW  - validity
KW  - accuracy
KW  - safety management
KW  - management
KW  - aerobic
KW  - aerobic training
KW  - app
KW  - prehabilitation
KW  - pilot study
KW  - quality of life
KW  - medical device
KW  - wearable
KW  - wearables
KW  - heart rate
AB  - Background: Major surgery is associated with significant morbidity and a reduced quality of life, particularly among older adults and individuals with frailty and impaired functional capacity. Multimodal prehabilitation can enhance functional recovery after surgery and reduce postoperative complications. Digital prehabilitation has the potential to be a resource-sparing and patient-empowering tool that improves patients’ preoperative status; however, little remains known regarding their safety and accuracy as medical devices. Objective: This study aims to test the accuracy and validity of a new software in comparison to the gold-standard electrocardiogram (ECG)-based heart rate measurement. Methods: The PROTEGO MAXIMA trial was a prospective interventional pilot trial assessing the validity, accuracy, and safety of an app-based exercise program. The Prehab App calculates a personalized, risk-stratified aerobic interval training plan based on individual risk factors and utilizes wearables to monitor heart rate. Healthy students and patients undergoing major surgery were enrolled. A structured risk assessment was conducted, followed by a 6-minute walking test and a 37-minute supervised interval session. During the exercise, patients wore app-linked wearables for heart rate and distance measurements, which were compared with standard ECG and treadmill measurements. Safety, accuracy, and usability assessments included testing alarm signals, while the occurrence of adverse events served as the primary and secondary outcome measures. Results: A total of 75 participants were included. The mean heart rate differences between wearables and standard ECG were ≤5 bpm (beats per minute) with a mean absolute percentage error of ≤5%. Regression analysis revealed a significant impact of the BMI (odds ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.98, P=.02) and Timed Up and Go Test score (odds ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.03-0.55, P=.006) on the accuracy of heart rate measurement; 29 (39%) patients experienced adverse events: pain (5/12, 42%), ECG electrode–related skin irritations (2/42, 17%), dizziness (2/42, 17%), shortness of breath (2/42, 17%), and fatigue (1/42, 8%). No cardiovascular or serious adverse events were reported, and no serious device deficiency was detected. There were no indications of clinically meaningful overexertion based on laboratory values measured before and after the 6-minute walking test and exercise. The differences in means and ranges were as follows: lactate (mmol/l), mean 0.04 (range –3 to 6; P=.47); creatinine kinase (U/l), mean 12 (range –7 to 43; P<.001); and sodium (mmol/l), mean –2 (range –11 to 12; P<.001). Conclusions: The interventional trial demonstrated the high safety of the exercise program and the accuracy of heart rate measurements using commercial wearables in patients before major surgery, paving the way for potential remote implementation in the future. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00026985; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00026985 and European Database on Medical Devices (EUDAMED) CIV-21-07-0307311. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069394 
SN  - 2291-5222
UR  - https://mhealth.jmir.org/2025/1/e55298
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/55298
DO  - 10.2196/55298
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/55298
ER  -