Commercially Available Smartphone Apps to Support Postoperative Pain Self-Management: Scoping Review

Chitra Lalloo   ¹ , PhD ;   Ushma Shah   ² , DNB, EDRA, EDAIC, FRCA ;   Kathryn A Birnie   ^{1, 3} , PhD ;   Cleo Davies-Chalmers   ¹ ;   Jordan Rivera   ¹ , BScN ;   Jennifer Stinson   ^{1, 3, 4} , RN, PhD, CPNP ;   Fiona Campbell   ^{4, 5} , MD, FRCA

¹ The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada

² Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

³ Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁴ Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada

⁵ Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada