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Skip search results from other journals and go to results- 8 JMIR Formative Research
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Fatal opioid overdose has a well-defined mechanism—respiratory depression eventually leading to cardiac arrest and death—and decades of research exploring the nature of and antecedents to death. However, this framework and associated research are absent for fatal stimulant poisoning, leading investigators and public health providers to assume stimulant poisoning deaths are similar to opioid overdose deaths and a result of an “overdose.”
JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e64873
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The most significant correlations were observed for the variable “grams opiates” because the official statistics primarily include opiate use and overdose. As a result, the highest correlation between this variable, which can be interpreted as “grams of opiates in the region,” is strongly associated with the rates of deaths from drug overdose (r=.41; P=.003) and the number of HIV-positive people infected by drug use (r=.51; P=.002).
JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e56006
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An increase in overdose deaths globally [1] and in the United States have caused a decrease in average life expectancy [2]. One of the greatest risk factors for a fatal overdose is experiencing a nonfatal overdose involving opioids (NFOO) in the previous year. Indeed, 6% to 10% of individuals who experience an NFOO die in the following year [3-5]. Survivors of NFOOs most commonly die of another overdose (67%) [3], with the highest risk period being the month following NFOO [5].
JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e60277
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Worldwide, more than 27 million people have an opioid use disorder and more than 150,000 people die each year from opioid overdose [1,2]. In the United States, in 2022-2023, there are estimated to be more than 100,000 drug overdose deaths [3]. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist and an antidote to opioid overdose.
JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e57367
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The United States has set new annual records for overdose deaths almost every year for more than 20 years [1]. Much of this increase is due to a rapidly changing and unpredictable drug supply that can pose myriad health risks [2]. Nationally, more than 107,000 people died from overdose in the 12-month period ending in March 2022 [3], and more people in New York City died from opioid overdose than ever before [4,5].
JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e56755
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Opioids, either obtained illicitly or as a prescription, accounted for approximately 75% of the total drug overdose deaths in 2020 [1,2]. Recent numbers suggest an acceleration of both drug and opioid overdose deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the United States experiencing the largest number of drug overdose deaths during this period (93,300 deaths) compared to that reported in any given year within the last 2 decades.
Online J Public Health Inform 2024;16:e52686
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Development of a Real-Time Dashboard for Overdose Touchpoints: User-Centered Design Approach
The escalating drug overdose epidemic in the United States continues to pose a major public health challenge. Previous research has identified general risk factors that are linked to increased overdose rates [1-3], including unstable housing [4,5], recent release from incarceration [6,7], and frequent visits to the emergency department (ED) [8-11].
JMIR Hum Factors 2024;11:e57239
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Nonmedical use of prescription drugs, which can lead to overdose (OD), is a serious public health crisis in worldwide [1-4]. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 70,630 people died from OD in 2019; of them, 49,860 and 9711 deaths were caused by opioids and benzodiazepines, respectively [5]. In Japan, benzodiazepines such as flunitrazepam, and over-the-counter (OTC) antipyretic analgesics, antitussives, and cold medicines are reported as major causes of OD [6-9].
JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e54023
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For overdose, the records were identified in Canada as clinical impression or problem codes 81 (drug or alcohol overdose), 81.1 (opioid overdose), or 81.2 (alcohol intoxication) and in the United Kingdom as clinical impression “intentional drug overdose (mental health),” “accidental overdose or poisoning (medical),” “effects of alcohol,” and “query intoxicated (medical).”
Sex was recorded in Canada and the United Kingdom by the crew in attendance.
JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024;10:e46029
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