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Explainable Machine Learning Model for Predicting Persistent Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Development and Validation Study

Explainable Machine Learning Model for Predicting Persistent Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Development and Validation Study

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication in critically ill patients, with sepsis being the most frequent cause [1]. AKI occurring within 7 days after the onset of sepsis is defined as sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) [2]. Studies have estimated that 68% of patients with sepsis present with AKI on admission, 40% present with severe AKI, and 27% require subsequent kidney replacement therapy (KRT) during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay [3].

Wei Jiang, Yaosheng Zhang, Jiayi Weng, Lin Song, Siqi Liu, Xianghui Li, Shiqi Xu, Keran Shi, Luanluan Li, Chuanqing Zhang, Jing Wang, Quan Yuan, Yongwei Zhang, Jun Shao, Jiangquan Yu, Ruiqiang Zheng

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e62932

Identification and Validation of an Explainable Prediction Model of Sepsis in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Multicenter Retrospective Study

Identification and Validation of an Explainable Prediction Model of Sepsis in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Multicenter Retrospective Study

Consequently, patients with ICH exhibit a higher incidence of sepsis than other ICU populations, with approximately 28% of patients with ICH developing secondary sepsis [6]. Moreover, sepsis is associated with significantly worse prognoses, leading to a 2-fold increase in mortality rates during hospitalization (36.7% vs 18.8%) and at 3 months after admission (56.5% vs 28.5%) [4,7].

Xianglin Liu, Zhihua Huang, Yizhi Guo, Yandeng Li, Jianming Zhu, Jun Wen, Yunchun Gao, Jianyi Liu

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e71413

Large Language Model–Driven Knowledge Graph Construction in Sepsis Care Using Multicenter Clinical Databases: Development and Usability Study

Large Language Model–Driven Knowledge Graph Construction in Sepsis Care Using Multicenter Clinical Databases: Development and Usability Study

In this research, we aim to establish a multicenter sepsis database (MSD), providing a richer and more diverse dataset that is crucial for the in-depth analysis and understanding of sepsis. Using GPT4.0 for entity recognition and relation extraction, we aim to construct a comprehensive sepsis knowledge graph, using real-world databases supplemented by clinical guidelines and relevant public databases.

Hao Yang, Jiaxi Li, Chi Zhang, Alejandro Pazos Sierra, Bairong Shen

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e65537

GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4 Turbo in Title and Abstract Screening for Systematic Reviews

GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4 Turbo in Title and Abstract Screening for Systematic Reviews

We conducted a post hoc analysis of our previous study to evaluate the performance of GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4 Turbo in LLM-assisted title and abstract screening, using data from 5 clinical questions (CQs) developed for the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2024 [6,10].

Takehiko Oami, Yohei Okada, Taka-aki Nakada

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e64682

Investigating the Association Between Mean Arterial Pressure on 28-Day Mortality Risk in Patients With Sepsis: Retrospective Cohort Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database

Investigating the Association Between Mean Arterial Pressure on 28-Day Mortality Risk in Patients With Sepsis: Retrospective Cohort Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection [1-3]. While mortality from sepsis has decreased over time after age standardization, it remains high [2-6]. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, 48.9 million cases of sepsis were reported worldwide in 2017, accounting for 11 million deaths [7].

Qimin Chen, Wei Li, Ying Wang, Xianjun Chen, Dehua He, Ming Liu, Jia Yuan, Chuan Xiao, Qing Li, Lu Chen, Feng Shen

Interact J Med Res 2025;14:e63291

An AI-Based Clinical Decision Support System for Antibiotic Therapy in Sepsis (KINBIOTICS): Use Case Analysis

An AI-Based Clinical Decision Support System for Antibiotic Therapy in Sepsis (KINBIOTICS): Use Case Analysis

Sepsis infections caused by pathogens with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represent a significant global challenge in health care [1,2]. In 2017, there were 48.9 million new cases of sepsis and 11 million deaths related to sepsis, accounting for 19.7% of all global deaths [3]. In Germany, sepsis incidence increased by an average of 5.7% per year, from 280 cases in 2010 to 370 cases in 2015 per 100,000 individuals [4].

Juliane Andrea Düvel, David Lampe, Maren Kirchner, Svenja Elkenkamp, Philipp Cimiano, Christoph Düsing, Hannah Marchi, Sophie Schmiegel, Christiane Fuchs, Simon Claßen, Kirsten-Laura Meier, Rainer Borgstedt, Sebastian Rehberg, Wolfgang Greiner

JMIR Hum Factors 2025;12:e66699

Complete Blood Count and Monocyte Distribution Width–Based Machine Learning Algorithms for Sepsis Detection: Multicentric Development and External Validation Study

Complete Blood Count and Monocyte Distribution Width–Based Machine Learning Algorithms for Sepsis Detection: Multicentric Development and External Validation Study

In addition, they are usually ordered when sepsis is clinically suspected, leading to a diagnostic delay [7] and making them unsuitable as a screening tool. The ideal biomarker for sepsis screening should have the following characteristics: (1) easy to measure, (2) high sensitivity and negative predictive value for sepsis, (3) low turn-around time, and (4) always available to clinicians, especially when sepsis is not (yet) suspected. Complete blood count (CBC) parameters fulfill all of these features [8].

Andrea Campagner, Luisa Agnello, Anna Carobene, Andrea Padoan, Fabio Del Ben, Massimo Locatelli, Mario Plebani, Agostino Ognibene, Maria Lorubbio, Elena De Vecchi, Andrea Cortegiani, Elisa Piva, Donatella Poz, Francesco Curcio, Federico Cabitza, Marcello Ciaccio

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e55492

User-Oriented Requirements for Artificial Intelligence–Based Clinical Decision Support Systems in Sepsis: Protocol for a Multimethod Research Project

User-Oriented Requirements for Artificial Intelligence–Based Clinical Decision Support Systems in Sepsis: Protocol for a Multimethod Research Project

Treatment of the dysregulated immune response as a cause of sepsis has not been successful in large trials and subsequently has therefore not found its way into clinical practice or sepsis guidelines. AI-based CDSS could be particularly useful in sepsis care due to the high heterogeneity and complexity of the disease [10]. Non–knowledge-based respectively data-based CDSS are subject to a trade-off between model complexity and interpretability.

Pascal Raszke, Godwin Denk Giebel, Carina Abels, Jürgen Wasem, Michael Adamzik, Hartmuth Nowak, Lars Palmowski, Philipp Heinz, Silke Mreyen, Nina Timmesfeld, Marianne Tokic, Frank Martin Brunkhorst, Nikola Blase

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e62704