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Imputation and Missing Indicators for Handling Missing Longitudinal Data: Data Simulation Analysis Based on Electronic Health Record Data

Imputation and Missing Indicators for Handling Missing Longitudinal Data: Data Simulation Analysis Based on Electronic Health Record Data

One recent study has shown that regression imputation performs as well as multiple imputation when the ultimate goal is prediction rather than statistical inference or model interpretation [11]. Another study found that for logistic regression, regression imputation was comparable with multiple imputation in terms of model performance with a low percentage of missingness [12]. However, none of the imputation methods are unbiased or recommended for nonignorable missing data.

Molly Ehrig, Garrett S Bullock, Xiaoyan Iris Leng, Nicholas M Pajewski, Jaime Lynn Speiser

JMIR Med Inform 2025;13:e64354

Modeling the Potential Impact of Missing Race and Ethnicity Data in Infectious Disease Surveillance Systems on Disparity Measures: Scenario Analysis of Different Imputation Strategies

Modeling the Potential Impact of Missing Race and Ethnicity Data in Infectious Disease Surveillance Systems on Disparity Measures: Scenario Analysis of Different Imputation Strategies

We examined missing race and ethnicity information in chlamydia and gonorrhea surveillance data from 2007 to 2018 and used 5 imputation strategies to explore how missing demographic information could have impacted our measurement of racial and ethnic disparities.

Bahareh Ansari, Rachel Hart-Malloy, Eli S Rosenberg, Monica Trigg, Erika G Martin

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022;8(11):e38037

Self–Training With Quantile Errors for Multivariate Missing Data Imputation for Regression Problems in Electronic Medical Records: Algorithm Development Study

Self–Training With Quantile Errors for Multivariate Missing Data Imputation for Regression Problems in Electronic Medical Records: Algorithm Development Study

Additionally, since it is a single imputation replacing only one value, the accuracy may be degraded when the missing rate of the data is large. The multiple imputation (MI) [3] method compensates for this shortcoming of single imputation. In MI, several imputed values are statistically analyzed and used. MI works under missing at random (MAR) [4] conditions. MICE is one of the MI algorithms.

Hansle Gwon, Imjin Ahn, Yunha Kim, Hee Jun Kang, Hyeram Seo, Ha Na Cho, Heejung Choi, Tae Joon Jun, Young-Hak Kim

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021;7(10):e30824

Data Imputation and Body Weight Variability Calculation Using Linear and Nonlinear Methods in Data Collected From Digital Smart Scales: Simulation and Validation Study

Data Imputation and Body Weight Variability Calculation Using Linear and Nonlinear Methods in Data Collected From Digital Smart Scales: Simulation and Validation Study

In a remote health care setting, many potentially useful variables for imputing weight data may not be collected (eg, information on psychology and behavior or physiological features), in which case univariate imputation may be necessary. The imputation of univariate TS data lends itself to a limited number of techniques that have been reviewed previously [30]. In total, 7 univariate imputation algorithms and 3 multivariate analyses were run on all missingness-simulated data sets.

Jake Turicchi, Ruairi O'Driscoll, Graham Finlayson, Cristiana Duarte, A L Palmeira, Sofus C Larsen, Berit L Heitmann, R James Stubbs

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020;8(9):e17977

Deep Learning Approach for Imputation of Missing Values in Actigraphy Data: Algorithm Development Study

Deep Learning Approach for Imputation of Missing Values in Actigraphy Data: Algorithm Development Study

Mean imputation is a method of replacing a missing value with the mean value from the other instances of valid data at that time [26]. For example, if there is a value missing at 12:30 PM in a certain record, the missing value is replaced with the mean of the values from 12:30 PM in the other records. Mean imputation, algorithms were written in Python.

Jong-Hwan Jang, Junggu Choi, Hyun Woong Roh, Sang Joon Son, Chang Hyung Hong, Eun Young Kim, Tae Young Kim, Dukyong Yoon

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020;8(7):e16113

Characterizing and Managing Missing Structured Data in Electronic Health Records: Data Analysis

Characterizing and Managing Missing Structured Data in Electronic Health Records: Data Analysis

Using our simulated datasets (simulations 1-4), we compared 18 common imputation methods (12 representative methods are shown in the figures below) from the fancyimpute [14] and the Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE v2.30) [15] packages. Multimedia Appendix 1 (table) shows a full list of imputation methods and the parameters used for each. Our first step was to select a subset of the 143 laboratory measures for which imputation would be a reasonable approach.

Brett K Randal Beaulieu-Jones, Daniel R Lavage, John W Snyder, Jason H Moore, Sarah A Pendergrass, Christopher R Bauer

JMIR Med Inform 2018;6(1):e11