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Evaluating Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Settings—Let Us Not Reinvent the Wheel

Evaluating Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Settings—Let Us Not Reinvent the Wheel

As such, theory-informed evaluation frameworks can enable learning from experience, thus guiding developers, implementers, and evaluators through development, implementation, and optimization [9]. Ideally, the real-world experience gathered during this process is then used also to inform the refinement of evaluation frameworks.

Kathrin Cresswell, Nicolette de Keizer, Farah Magrabi, Robin Williams, Michael Rigby, Mirela Prgomet, Polina Kukhareva, Zoie Shui-Yee Wong, Philip Scott, Catherine K Craven, Andrew Georgiou, Stephanie Medlock, Jytte Brender McNair, Elske Ammenwerth

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e46407

Supporting Pain Self-Management in Patients With Cancer: App Development Based on a Theoretical and Evidence-Driven Approach

Supporting Pain Self-Management in Patients With Cancer: App Development Based on a Theoretical and Evidence-Driven Approach

Indeed, the use, particularly extensive use, of theory and multiple behavior change techniques (BCTs) in internet- and m Health-based interventions was associated with significant levels of effectiveness [13,14]. However, contrary to this guidance, evidence has shown that the use of theory was either not mentioned or not explicitly discussed regarding how it was applied to drive the design and development of mobile apps, particularly apps for people with cancer [14,15].

Asma A Abahussin, Robert M West, David C Wong, Lucy E Ziegler, Matthew J Allsop

JMIR Cancer 2023;9:e49471

Chatbots to Improve Sexual and Reproductive Health: Realist Synthesis

Chatbots to Improve Sexual and Reproductive Health: Realist Synthesis

An example of a theory that is implicit in many chatbot interventions may be, “users value the anonymity offered by chatbots.” These theories set out how and why the designers anticipate their intervention will work. In a realist review, this understanding is captured via an initial program theory that summarizes these assumptions. The assumptions are then tested to understand the evidence that underpins the theory and to develop and modify it in response.

Rhiana Mills, Emily Rose Mangone, Neal Lesh, Diwakar Mohan, Paula Baraitser

J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e46761

Navigating the Cancer Journey Using Web-Based Information: Grounded Theory Emerging From the Lived Experience of Cancer Patients and Informal Caregivers With Implications for Web-Based Content Design

Navigating the Cancer Journey Using Web-Based Information: Grounded Theory Emerging From the Lived Experience of Cancer Patients and Informal Caregivers With Implications for Web-Based Content Design

In addition, theory can evolve over time, being revised as newly discovered scientific findings emerge to better reflect the phenomena in question [34,35]. Finally, theory provides common conceptual ground, promoting collaboration among researchers and institutions and across disciplines [36].

Maclean Thiessen, Shelly Raffin Bouchal, Patricia A Tang, Shane Sinclair

JMIR Cancer 2023;9:e41740

Development of a Tailored Mobile Phone–Based Intervention to Facilitate Parent-Child Communication and Build Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Confidence: Formative Qualitative Study

Development of a Tailored Mobile Phone–Based Intervention to Facilitate Parent-Child Communication and Build Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Confidence: Formative Qualitative Study

The theory of reasoned action (TRA) [46] and health belief model (HBM) [47] were used to guide intervention development. According to the TRA, child HPV vaccination would more likely occur if a parent has high or positive intentions. Parental intentions are influenced by their attitudes toward the vaccine and their social normative perceptions of their child being vaccinated.

Jennifer Cunningham-Erves, Consuelo H Wilkins, Amanda F Dempsey, Jessica L Jones, Chris Thompson, Kathryn Edwards, Megan Davis, Lindsay S Mayberry, Douglas Landsittal, Pamela C Hull

JMIR Form Res 2023;7:e43041

A Digital Lifestyle Coach (E-Supporter 1.0) to Support People With Type 2 Diabetes: Participatory Development Study

A Digital Lifestyle Coach (E-Supporter 1.0) to Support People With Type 2 Diabetes: Participatory Development Study

Using theory helps us to identify behavioral determinants of behavior that are relevant to the target by means of an intervention to effectively change behavior. Besides, it enables us to determine which behavior change techniques (BCTs) are most likely to bring about change [58,59]. Including behavior change theory is key as interventions have shown to be more effective when they are theory based [46,60-63].

Eclaire A G Hietbrink, Anouk Middelweerd, Pepijn van Empelen, Katharina Preuhs, Annemieke A J Konijnendijk, Wendy Oude Nijeweme-d’Hollosy, Laura K Schrijver, Gozewijn D Laverman, Miriam M R Vollenbroek-Hutten

JMIR Hum Factors 2023;10:e40017

Development of a Theory-Based, Culturally Appropriate Message Library for Use in Interventions to Promote COVID-19 Vaccination Among African Americans: Formative Research

Development of a Theory-Based, Culturally Appropriate Message Library for Use in Interventions to Promote COVID-19 Vaccination Among African Americans: Formative Research

Developing culturally appropriate, theory-based messages that can be used in communication and behavioral interventions may address concerns about COVID-19 vaccination among African Americans. Because social marketing campaigns have been effective in changing knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and behavior at the community level [33-35], they can disseminate theory-based, culturally appropriate messages and potentially increase COVID-19 vaccination acceptability and uptake.

Jennifer Cunningham-Erves, Heather M Brandt, Maureen Sanderson, Kristin Clarkson, Omaran Lee, David Schlundt, Kemberlee Bonnet, Jamaine Davis

JMIR Form Res 2022;6(7):e38781

Investigating Microtemporal Processes Underlying Health Behavior Adoption and Maintenance: Protocol for an Intensive Longitudinal Observational Study

Investigating Microtemporal Processes Underlying Health Behavior Adoption and Maintenance: Protocol for an Intensive Longitudinal Observational Study

The application of methods and tools for collecting and analyzing intensive longitudinal data (ILD) may enable better research on factors influencing reflective and reactive processes, and thus support new theory and intervention development. ILD are collected from real-world settings in temporally dense micro time scales (eg, seconds, minutes, hours). Improved miniaturization, capability, affordability, and pervasiveness of mobile and wearable devices in recent years have enabled the capture of ILD.

Shirlene Wang, Stephen Intille, Aditya Ponnada, Bridgette Do, Alexander Rothman, Genevieve Dunton

JMIR Res Protoc 2022;11(7):e36666