Fall Detection in Individuals With Lower Limb Amputations Using Mobile Phones: Machine Learning Enhances Robustness for Real-World Applications

Nicholas Shawen   ^{1, 2 *} , MS ;   Luca Lonini   ^{1, 2, 3 *} , PhD ;   Chaithanya Krishna Mummidisetty   ¹ , MS ;   Ilona Shparii   ^{1, 2, 4} , MS ;   Mark V Albert   ^{1, 2, 3, 4} , PhD ;   Konrad Kording   ^{5, 6} , PhD ;   Arun Jayaraman   ^{1, 2, 3, 7} , PT, PhD

¹ Max Nader Lab for Rehabilitation Technologies and Outcomes Research, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States

² Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States

³ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States

⁴ Department of Computer Science, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States

⁵ Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

⁶ Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States

⁷ Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States

*these authors contributed equally