Accuracy and Precision of Energy Expenditure, Heart Rate, and Steps Measured by Combined-Sensing Fitbits Against Reference Measures: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Guillaume Chevance   ¹ , PhD ;   Natalie M Golaszewski   ^{2, 3} , PhD ;   Elizabeth Tipton   ⁴ , PhD ;   Eric B Hekler   ^{2, 3, 5} , PhD ;   Matthew Buman   ⁶ , PhD ;   Gregory J Welk   ⁷ , PhD ;   Kevin Patrick   ³ , PhD ;   Job G Godino   ^{2, 3, 5, 8} , BSc, MSc, PhD

¹ Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain

² Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

³ Center for Wireless & Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

⁴ Department of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States

⁵ Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States

⁶ School of Nutrition & Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States

⁷ Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States

⁸ Laura Rodriguez Research Institute, Family Health Centers of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States