Data Management and Privacy Policy of COVID-19 Contact-Tracing Apps: Systematic Review and Content Analysis

Marco Bardus   ^{1, 2} , BA, MA, PhD ;   Melodie Al Daccache   ³ , BSc, MSc ;   Noel Maalouf   ^{4, 5} , BE, PhD ;   Rayan Al Sarih   ⁵ , BE ;   Imad H Elhajj   ⁵ , MSc, PhD

¹ Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

² Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

³ Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

⁴ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon

⁵ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon