Published on in Vol 14 (2026)

1 Partners In Health, Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
2 Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
3 Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
4 Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
7 Insightiv LTD, Kigali, Rwanda
8 University of Global Health Equity, Burera, Rwanda, Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, Kigali, Rwanda
*these authors contributed equally
