Published on in Vol 14 (2026)

1 Graduate Degree Program of Health Data Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Japan
2 Health and Counseling Center, The University of Osaka, Toyonaka, Japan
3 Fundamental Technology Research Department, Biochemical Research Laboratory, Eiken Chemical Co, Ltd, Nogi, Japan
4 Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
5 Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Japan
6 Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Osaka, Suita, Japan
7 Laboratory of Behavioral Health Promotion, Department of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Osaka, Suita, Japan
8 Institute for Sports and Global Health, The University of Osaka, Suita, Japan
*these authors contributed equally
