Traditional Social Sports Games and Mental Training for Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Distress in School-Aged Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial

Mohamed Yaakoubi   ^{1, 2 *} , PhD ;   Ahmed Ghorbel   ^{1, 2 *} , PhD ;   Hiba Abdelkafi   ^{3 *} , PhD ;   Liwa Masmoudi   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Omar Trabelsi   ^{1, 2, 3 *} , PhD ;   Safaa M Elkholi   ^{4 *} , PhD ;   Fatma H Yagin   ^{5 *} , PhD ;   Georgian Badicu   ^{6 *} , PhD ;   Adnene Gharbi   ^{2, 7 *} , PhD

¹ High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia

² Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia

³ The High Institute of Applied Studies in Humanities of Mahdia, Department of Education Sciences, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunis, Tunisia

⁴ Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

⁵ Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, 44210, Malatya, Turkey

⁶ Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, University Transilvania of Braşov, Braşov, Romania

⁷ High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

*these authors contributed equally