The Current State of Mobile Phone Apps for Monitoring Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, and Atrial Fibrillation: Narrative Review

Ka Hou Christien Li   ^{1, 2, 3 *} ;   Francesca Anne White   ^{3 *} ;   Timothy Tipoe   ^{1, 2} ;   Tong Liu   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Martin CS Wong   ⁵ , FFPH, FESC, FACC, MD ;   Aaron Jesuthasan   ³ , BSc ;   Adrian Baranchuk   ⁶ , FACC, FRCPC, FCCS, MD ;   Gary Tse   ^{2, 7 *} , FESC, FACC, FHRS, FRCP, PhD ;   Bryan P Yan   ^{7, 8, 9} , MBBS, FRACP, FRCP, FESC, FACC, MD

¹ Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

² Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

³ Faculty of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

⁴ Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China

⁵ Division of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

⁶ Division of Cardiology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kington, ON, Canada

⁷ Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

⁸ Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

⁹ Institute of Vascular Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

*these authors contributed equally