Screening for Hearing Impairment in Older Adults by Smartphone-Based Audiometry, Self-Perception, HHIE Screening Questionnaire, and Free-Field Voice Test: Comparative Evaluation of the Screening Accuracy With Standard Pure-Tone Audiometry

Lok Yee Joyce Li   ^{1, 2, 3} , MD ;   Shin-Yi Wang   ⁴ , MSc ;   Cheng-Jung Wu   ^{2, 3, 5, 6} , MD ;   Cheng-Yu Tsai   ⁷ , PhD ;   Te-Fang Wu   ⁸ , BA ;   Yaoh-Shiang Lin   ^{6, 8} , MD

¹ Department of Medicine, Shin Kong Wu-Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

² Department of Otolaryngology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan

³ Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

⁴ National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-chu Branch, Hsin-chu, Taiwan

⁵ PhD Degree Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

⁶ Department of Otolaryngology-Head And Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

⁷ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

⁸ Department of Otolaryngology - Head And Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan