Usability of Wearable Devices With a Novel Cardiac Force Index for Estimating the Dynamic Cardiac Function: Observational Study

Po-Jen Hsiao   ^{1, 2, 3, 4} , MD ;   Chih-Chien Chiu   ^{4, 5} , MD ;   Ke-Hsin Lin   ⁶ , MA ;   Fu-Kang Hu   ⁷ , MA ;   Pei-Jan Tsai   ⁶ , MA ;   Chun-Ting Wu   ⁶ , MA ;   Yuan-Kai Pang   ⁶ , MA ;   Yu Lin   ^{8, 9} , PhD ;   Ming-Hao Kuo   ⁷ , MA ;   Kang-Hua Chen   ¹⁰ , PhD ;   Yi-Syuan Wu   ⁸ , MA ;   Hao-Yi Wu   ^{6, 11} , MA, RN ;   Ya-Ting Chang   ⁶ , MA ;   Yu-Tien Chang   ⁶ , PhD ;   Chia-Shiang Cheng   ⁸ , MA ;   Chih-Pin Chuu   ¹² , PhD ;   Fu-Huang Lin   ⁶ , PhD ;   Chi-Wen Chang   ^{10, 13 *} , PhD ;   Yuan-Kuei Li   ^{14, 15 *} , MD ;   Jenq-Shyong Chan   ^{1, 2 *} , MA, MD ;   Chi-Ming Chu   ^{4, 6, 7, 8, 16, 17 *} , PhD

¹ Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

² Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

³ Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

⁴ Big Data Research Center, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan

⁵ Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

⁶ Division of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

⁷ Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

⁸ Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

⁹ Department of Nursing, University of Kang Ning, Tainan, Taiwan

¹⁰ School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

¹¹ Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

¹² Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan

¹³ Division of Pediatric Endocrinology & Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

¹⁴ Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan

¹⁵ Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

¹⁶ Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

¹⁷ Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

*these authors contributed equally