Predicting Depressive Symptom Severity Through Individuals’ Nearby Bluetooth Device Count Data Collected by Mobile Phones: Preliminary Longitudinal Study

Yuezhou Zhang   ¹ , MSc ;   Amos A Folarin   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Shaoxiong Sun   ¹ , PhD ;   Nicholas Cummins   ¹ , PhD ;   Yatharth Ranjan   ¹ , MSc ;   Zulqarnain Rashid   ¹ , PhD ;   Pauline Conde   ¹ , BSc ;   Callum Stewart   ¹ , MSc ;   Petroula Laiou   ¹ , PhD ;   Faith Matcham   ⁶ , PhD ;   Carolin Oetzmann   ⁶ , MSc ;   Femke Lamers   ⁷ , PhD ;   Sara Siddi   ^{8, 9, 10} , PhD ;   Sara Simblett   ¹¹ , PhD ;   Aki Rintala   ^{12, 13} , MSc ;   David C Mohr   ¹⁴ , PhD ;   Inez Myin-Germeys   ¹² , PhD ;   Til Wykes   ^{3, 11} , PhD ;   Josep Maria Haro   ^{8, 9, 10} , MD ;   Brenda W J H Penninx   ⁷ , PhD ;   Vaibhav A Narayan   ¹⁵ , PhD ;   Peter Annas   ¹⁶ , PhD ;   Matthew Hotopf   ^{3, 6} , PhD ;   Richard J B Dobson   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , PhD ;   RADAR-CNS Consortium   ¹⁷

¹ Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

² Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom

³ NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

⁴ Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, United Kingdom

⁵ NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

⁶ Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit and GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands

⁸ Teaching Research and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain

⁹ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain

¹⁰ Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

¹¹ Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

¹² Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

¹³ Faculty of Social Services and Health Care, LAB University of Applied Sciences, Lahti, Finland

¹⁴ Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States

¹⁵ Janssen Research and Development LLC, Titusville, NJ, United States

¹⁶ H Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark

¹⁷ see Acknowledgments, London, United Kingdom