Dose–Response Effects of Patient Engagement on Health Outcomes in an mHealth Intervention: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Yiran Li   ^{1 *} , MMSc ;   Yan Guo   ^{1, 2, 3 *} , PhD ;   Y Alicia Hong   ⁴ , PhD ;   Yu Zeng   ¹ , MMSc ;   Aliza Monroe-Wise   ⁵ , MD, MSc ;   Chengbo Zeng   ^{6, 7} , PhD ;   Mengting Zhu   ⁸ , MS ;   Hanxi Zhang   ⁹ , PhD ;   Jiaying Qiao   ¹ , MMSc ;   Zhimeng Xu   ¹ , MMSc ;   Weiping Cai   ¹⁰ , MD ;   Linghua Li   ¹⁰ , MD ;   Cong Liu   ¹⁰ , MSN

¹ Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangzhou, China

² Sun Yat-sen Center for Global Health, Guangzhou, China

³ Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States

⁴ Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States

⁵ Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States

⁶ South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States

⁷ Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States

⁸ The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)

⁹ National Center of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

¹⁰ Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

*these authors contributed equally