Designing, Developing, Evaluating, and Implementing a Smartphone-Delivered, Rule-Based Conversational Agent (DISCOVER): Development of a Conceptual Framework

Dhakshenya Ardhithy Dhinagaran   ^{1 *} , BSc (Hons) ;   Laura Martinengo   ^{1 *} , MD, PhD ;   Moon-Ho Ringo Ho   ² , PhD ;   Shafiq Joty   ³ , MSc, PhD ;   Tobias Kowatsch   ^{4, 5, 6, 7} , PhD ;   Rifat Atun   ^{8, 9, 10} , MBBS, MBA, DIC ;   Lorainne Tudor Car   ^{1, 11} , MD, PhD

¹ Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

² School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

³ School of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

⁴ Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

⁵ School of Medicine, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland

⁶ Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

⁷ Future Health Technologies Programme, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore-ETH Centre, Singapore, Singapore

⁸ Department of Global Health & Population, Department of Health Policy & Management, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States

⁹ Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States

¹⁰ Health Systems Innovation Lab, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States

¹¹ Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

*these authors contributed equally