Associations Between Depression Symptom Severity and Daily-Life Gait Characteristics Derived From Long-Term Acceleration Signals in Real-World Settings: Retrospective Analysis

Yuezhou Zhang   ¹ , MSc ;   Amos A Folarin   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Shaoxiong Sun   ¹ , PhD ;   Nicholas Cummins   ¹ , PhD ;   Srinivasan Vairavan   ⁶ , PhD ;   Linglong Qian   ¹ , MSc ;   Yatharth Ranjan   ¹ , MSc ;   Zulqarnain Rashid   ¹ , PhD ;   Pauline Conde   ¹ , BSc ;   Callum Stewart   ¹ , MSc ;   Petroula Laiou   ¹ , PhD ;   Heet Sankesara   ¹ , BSc ;   Faith Matcham   ^{7, 8} , PhD ;   Katie M White   ⁷ , BSc ;   Carolin Oetzmann   ⁷ , MSc ;   Alina Ivan   ⁷ , MSc ;   Femke Lamers   ^{9, 10} , PhD ;   Sara Siddi   ^{11, 12, 13} , PhD ;   Sara Simblett   ¹⁴ , PhD ;   Aki Rintala   ^{15, 16} , PhD ;   David C Mohr   ¹⁷ , PhD ;   Inez Myin-Germeys   ¹⁵ , PhD ;   Til Wykes   ^{14, 18} , PhD ;   Josep Maria Haro   ^{11, 12, 13} , PhD ;   Brenda W J H Penninx   ^{9, 10} , PhD ;   Vaibhav A Narayan   ⁶ , PhD ;   Peter Annas   ¹⁹ , PhD ;   Matthew Hotopf   ^{3, 7, 18} , PhD ;   Richard J B Dobson   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , PhD ;   RADAR-CNS Consortium   ²⁰

¹ Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

² Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom

³ NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

⁴ Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, United Kingdom

⁵ NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

⁶ Janssen Research and Development LLC, Titusville, NJ, United States

⁷ Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

⁸ School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom

⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands

¹⁰ Mental Health Program, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands

¹¹ Teaching Research and Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain

¹² Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain

¹³ Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

¹⁴ Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

¹⁵ Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

¹⁶ Faculty of Social Services and Health Care, LAB University of Applied Sciences, Lahti, Finland

¹⁷ Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States

¹⁸ South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

¹⁹ H Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark

²⁰ See Acknowledgments, London, United Kingdom