Published on in Vol 14 (2026)

1 Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
2 Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Medical Center, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
5 Department of Information Systems, College of Business, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
6 School of Business Administration, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
*these authors contributed equally
