This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

mHealth for Wellness, Behavior Change and Prevention (2922) Depression and Mood Disorders; Suicide Prevention (1392) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (543)

Published on in Vol 6, No 11 (2018): November

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/12106, first published .
An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study

An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study

An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study

Authors of this article:

Becky Inkster1 Author Orcid Image ;   Shubhankar Sarda2 Author Orcid Image ;   Vinod Subramanian3 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (403) Tweetations (50) Metrics

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  252. Gallegos C, Kausler R, Alderden J, Davis M, Wang L. Can Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Improve Mental Health?. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 2024;42(10):731 View
  253. Mitsea E, Drigas A, Skianis C. Artificial Intelligence, Immersive Technologies, and Neurotechnologies in Breathing Interventions for Mental and Emotional Health: A Systematic Review. Electronics 2024;13(12):2253 View
  254. Striegl J, Richter J, Grossmann L, Bråstad B, Gotthardt M, Rück C, Wallert J, Loitsch C. Deep learning-based dimensional emotion recognition for conversational agent-based cognitive behavioral therapy. PeerJ Computer Science 2024;10:e2104 View
  255. Tao J, Fan C, Lian Z, Lyu Z, Shen Y, Liang S. Development of multimodal sentiment recognition and understanding. Journal of Image and Graphics 2024;29(6):1607 View
  256. Sanjeewa R, Iyer R, Apputhurai P, Wickramasinghe N, Meyer D. Empathic Conversational Agent Platform Designs and Their Evaluation in the Context of Mental Health: Systematic Review. JMIR Mental Health 2024;11:e58974 View
  257. Liu M, Schueller S. Integrating Digital Therapeutics With Mental Healthcare Delivery. Journal of Health Service Psychology 2024;50(2):77 View
  258. Limpanopparat S, Gibson E, Harris D. User engagement, attitudes, and the effectiveness of chatbots as a mental health intervention: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans 2024;2(2):100081 View
  259. Al Mazroui K, Alzyoudi M. The role of ChatGPT in mitigating loneliness among older adults: An exploratory study. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies 2024;14(4):e202444 View
  260. Chen T, Shen Y, Chen X, Zhang L. PsyChatbot: A Psychological Counseling Agent Towards Depressed Chinese Population Based on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 2024 View
  261. Wu P, Summers C, Panesar A, Kaura A, Zhang L. AI Hesitancy and Acceptability—Perceptions of AI Chatbots for Chronic Health Management and Long COVID Support: Survey Study. JMIR Human Factors 2024;11:e51086 View
  262. Moore I, Magnante C, Embry E, Mathis J, Mooney S, Haj-Hassan S, Cottingham M, Padala P. Doctor AI? A pilot study examining responses of artificial intelligence to common questions asked by geriatric patients. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2024;7 View
  263. Hoffman B, Oppert M, Owen M. Understanding young adults’ attitudes towards using AI chatbots for psychotherapy: The role of self-stigma. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans 2024;2(2):100086 View
  264. Viswanathan V, Jain V, Vaish A, Jeyaraman M, Iyengar K, Vaishya R. Chatbots and Their Applications in Medical Fields: Current Status and Future Trends: A Scoping Review. Apollo Medicine 2024;21(4):386 View
  265. Lawrence H, Schneider R, Rubin S, Matarić M, McDuff D, Jones Bell M. The Opportunities and Risks of Large Language Models in Mental Health. JMIR Mental Health 2024;11:e59479 View
  266. Boucher E, Raiker J. Engagement and retention in digital mental health interventions: a narrative review. BMC Digital Health 2024;2(1) View
  267. Kasecker W, Silva M, Santana F, Silva L, Sanches N, Florentino J, Heidmann G, Albiero L, Queiroz E, Queiroz D. Perfil clínico-epidemiológico e aplicação de um novo modelo computacional para monitoramento de gestantes de um município do norte de Mato Grosso: um estudo coorte prospectivo. Scientific Electronic Archives 2024;17(4) View
  268. Khorev V, Kiselev A, Badarin A, Antipov V, Drapkina O, Kurkin S, Hramov A. Review on the use of AI-based methods and tools for treating mental conditions and mental rehabilitation. The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2024 View
  269. Ki E, Jang J, Kang D. Evaluating mobile mental health apps using the mobile application rating scale (MARS) in the U.S.. Advances in Mental Health 2024:1 View
  270. Yoon S, Goh H, Low X, Weng J, Heaukulani C. User perceptions and utilisation of features of an AI-enabled workplace digital mental wellness platform ‘mindline at work’. BMJ Health & Care Informatics 2024;31(1):e101045 View
  271. Laymouna M, Ma Y, Lessard D, Engler K, Therrien R, Schuster T, Vicente S, Achiche S, El Haj M, Lemire B, Kawaiah A, Lebouché B. Needs-Assessment for an Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbot for Pharmacists in HIV Care: Results from a Knowledge–Attitudes–Practices Survey. Healthcare 2024;12(16):1661 View
  272. Manning J, Blandford A, Edbrooke-Childs J. Facilitators of and Barriers to Teachers’ Engagement With Consumer Technologies for Stress Management: Qualitative Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e50457 View
  273. Maslow G, Chung R, Heilbron N, Walter B. Innovative Approaches to Addressing Pediatric Mental Health. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2024;71(6):1151 View
  274. Glickman M, Sharot T. AI-induced hyper-learning in humans. Current Opinion in Psychology 2024;60:101900 View
  275. Kim S, Swanson V, Collier G, Rabinowitz A, Zondervan D, Reinkensmeyer D. Using Large-Scale Sensor Data to Test Factors Predictive of Perseverance in Home Movement Rehabilitation: Early Exercise Frequency and Schedule Consistency. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 2024;32:3251 View
  276. Chaturvedi A. Exploring empathy in artificial intelligence: synthesis and paths for future research. Information Discovery and Delivery 2024 View
  277. MacNeill A, MacNeill L, Luke A, Doucet S. Health Professionals’ Views on the Use of Conversational Agents for Health Care: Qualitative Descriptive Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e49387 View
  278. Shen J, DiPaola D, Ali S, Sap M, Park H, Breazeal C. Empathy Toward Artificial Intelligence Versus Human Experiences and the Role of Transparency in Mental Health and Social Support Chatbot Design: Comparative Study. JMIR Mental Health 2024;11:e62679 View
  279. Yonatan‐Leus R, Brukner H. Comparing perceived empathy and intervention strategies of an AI chatbot and human psychotherapists in online mental health support. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research 2024 View
  280. Lin Y, Chen A. Predicting the following support strategy during the emotional support dialogue by integrating the dialogue history and supporter features. Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024 View
  281. Kettle L, Lee Y. “Welcome to your Daily Wellness Check”: The Proposed Evaluation of a SMS-based Conversational Agent for Managing Health and Wellbeing. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 2021;65(1):791 View
  282. Meadows R, Hine C, Suddaby E. Conversational agents and the making of mental health recovery. DIGITAL HEALTH 2020;6 View
  283. Pavlopoulos A, Rachiotis T, Maglogiannis I. An Overview of Tools and Technologies for Anxiety and Depression Management Using AI. Applied Sciences 2024;14(19):9068 View
  284. Steyn S, Chamberlain M. A Self-Guided Smartphone App For The Reduction Of Symptoms Of Depression And Anxiety In Adult South Africans: The Vimbo Pilot. (Preprint). JMIR Formative Research 2023 View
  285. Singh S, Gambill J, Attalla M, Fatima R, Gill A, Siddiqui H. Evaluating the Clinical Validity and Reliability of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Diagnostic Tools in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cureus 2024 View
  286. Rachmayanti R, Dewi F, Setiyawati D, Megatsari H, Diana R, Vinarti R. Using Digital Media to Improve Adolescent Resilience and Prevent Mental Health Problems: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Research Protocols 2024;13:e58681 View
  287. Yuan A, Garcia Colato E, Pescosolido B, Song H, Samtani S. Improving Workplace Well-being in Modern Organizations: A Review of Large Language Model-based Mental Health Chatbots. ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems 2024 View
  288. Aghakhani S, Rousseau A, Mizrahi S, Tan X, Dosovitsky G, Mlodzianowski L, Marshall Z, Bunge E. Conversational Agent Utilization Patterns of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science 2024 View
  289. Siddals S, Torous J, Coxon A. “It happened to be the perfect thing”: experiences of generative AI chatbots for mental health. npj Mental Health Research 2024;3(1) View
  290. Hu M, Chua X, Diong S, Kasturiratna K, Majeed N, Hartanto A. AI as your ally: The effects of AI‐assisted venting on negative affect and perceived social support. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being 2025;17(1) View
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  292. Yang Y, Tavares J, Oliveira T. A New Research Model for Artificial Intelligence–Based Well-Being Chatbot Engagement: Survey Study. JMIR Human Factors 2024;11:e59908 View
  293. Kang C, Lee C, Zhao X, Lee D, Shin J, Lee J. Safety still matters: Unveiling the value propositions of augmented reality head-up displays in autonomous vehicles through conjoint analysis. Travel Behaviour and Society 2025;39:100915 View
  294. Denecke K, Gabarron E. The ethical aspects of integrating sentiment and emotion analysis in chatbots for depression intervention. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024;15 View
  295. Kang B, Hong M. Development and Evaluation of a Mental Health Chatbot Using ChatGPT 4.0: Pilot Study of Dr. CareSam with Korean Users (Preprint). JMIR Medical Informatics 2024 View
  296. Rosca C, Stancu A. Fusing Machine Learning and AI to Create a Framework for Employee Well-Being in the Era of Industry 5.0. Applied Sciences 2024;14(23):10835 View
  297. Uludağ D, Soyer M, Ceyhan S. Dijital İyi Oluşun Yapay Zekâ Kaygısı ve İş Tatmini Üzerindeki Etkisi: Akademisyenler Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi 2024;15(44):1165 View
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Books/Policy Documents

  1. McAllister P, Kerr J, McTear M, Mulvenna M, Bond R, Kirby K, Morning J, Glover D. Chatbot Research and Design. View
  2. Fiske A, Henningsen P, Buyx A. Ethics of Digital Well-Being. View
  3. Luxton D, Sirotin A. Innovations in Global Mental Health. View
  4. Cho P, Singh K, Dunn J. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. View
  5. van Wezel M, Croes E, Antheunis M. Chatbot Research and Design. View
  6. Benítez-Guijarro A, Bond R, Booth F, Callejas Z, Ennis E, Esposito A, Kraus M, McConvey G, McTear M, Mulvenna M, Potts C, Pragst L, Turkington R, Wagner N, Zheng H. Conversational Dialogue Systems for the Next Decade. View
  7. Callejas Z, Griol D. Dialog Systems. View
  8. Galindo M, Moreno L. Graph Structures for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. View
  9. Kara O, Kurutkan M. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Governance, Economics and Finance, Volume I. View
  10. Jovanović M, Jevremović A, Pejović-Milovančević M. Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Applications. View
  11. McKay G. Shame 4.0. View
  12. Davids J, Ashrafian H. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. View
  13. Denecke K, Abd-Alrazaq A, Househ M. Multiple Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. View
  14. Luxton D, Sirotin A. Innovations in Global Mental Health. View
  15. Goh N, Goh T, Lim C, Fung D. Handbook of Research on Promoting Economic and Social Development Through Serious Games. View
  16. Gundavarapu M, Saaketh Koundinya G, Bollina Devi Sai T, Kidambi Sree G. Applied Computational Technologies. View
  17. Bickmore T, O'Leary T. Digital Therapeutics for Mental Health and Addiction. View
  18. Viduani A, Cosenza V, Araújo R, Kieling C. Digital Mental Health. View
  19. Dhimolea T, Kaplan-Rakowski R, Lin L. Bridging Human Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence. View
  20. Strauss J, Zhang J, Jarrett M, Patterson B, Van Ameringen M. Mental Health in a Digital World. View
  21. Davids J, Ashrafian H. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. View
  22. Oyeniyi O, Dhandhukia S, Sen A, Fletcher K. Service-Oriented Computing – ICSOC 2021 Workshops. View
  23. Striegl J, Gotthardt M, Loitsch C, Weber G. Computers Helping People with Special Needs. View
  24. Cuciniello M, Amorese T, Cordasco G, Marrone S, Marulli F, Cavallo F, Gordeeva O, Carrión Z, Esposito A. Applied Intelligence and Informatics. View
  25. Tang X, Upadyaya K, Toyama H, Kasanen M, Salmela-Aro K. AI in Learning: Designing the Future. View
  26. Cheng Y, Xie C, Wang Y, Jiang H. The International Encyclopedia of Health Communication. View
  27. Henkel T, Linn A, van der Goot M. Chatbot Research and Design. View
  28. Galindo M, Moreno L, Rojas-Velázquez D, Nieves J. Deceptive AI. View
  29. Kuhlmeier F, Gnewuch U, Lüttke S, Brakemeier E, Mädche A. The Transdisciplinary Reach of Design Science Research. View
  30. Zubiaga I, Justo R. Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. View
  31. Rakib A, Rumky E, Ashraf A, Hillas M, Rahman M. Brain Informatics. View
  32. Gotthardt M, Striegl J, Loitsch C, Weber G. Computers Helping People with Special Needs. View
  33. Fiorentino M, Dastan M, Ajroudi S, Boccaccio A, Uva A. Revolutions in Product Design for Healthcare. View
  34. Chatterjee L, Sengupta R. Digital Identity in the New Era of Personalized Medicine. View
  35. Lucero Fredes A, Cano S, Cubillos C, Díaz M. HCI International 2022 – Late Breaking Papers: HCI for Health, Well-being, Universal Access and Healthy Aging. View
  36. Simões de Almeida R, da Silva T. Digital Therapies in Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health. View
  37. Pacheco-Lorenzo M, Valladares-Rodríguez S, Anido-Rifón L, Fernández-Iglesias M. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances and Applications. View
  38. Das A, Day T, Kulkarni V, Buchanan A, Cottrell K, John N, Chatterjee K. Augmenting Neurological Disorder Prediction and Rehabilitation Using Artificial Intelligence. View
  39. Stock A, Schlögl S, Groth A. Artificial Intelligence in HCI. View
  40. Kulkarni H, Chong C, Lam M. Applied Psychology Readings. View
  41. Striegl J, Loitsch C, Weber G. Human-Computer Interaction. View
  42. Amorese T, McConvey G, Cuciniello M, Cordasco G, Bond R, Mulvenna M, Ennis E, Callejas Z, Esposito A. Proceedings of Eighth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. View
  43. Apablaza J, Cano S. Social Computing and Social Media. View
  44. Ge Q, Liu L, Zhang H, Li L, Li X, Zhu X, Liao L, Song D. Proceedings of 2023 Chinese Intelligent Automation Conference. View
  45. Singh S, Joshi R, Jain P, Abilash K. Emotional AI and Human-AI Interactions in Social Networking. View
  46. Del Fiol G. Clinical Decision Support and Beyond. View
  47. Rojc M, Ariöz U, Šafran V, Mlakar I. Chatbots - The AI-Driven Front-Line Services for Customers. View
  48. Chinnakali P, Kumar S. Principles and Application of Evidence-based Public Health Practice. View
  49. Wright L. Digital Mental Health. View
  50. Link M, Gerth S, Belikova-Gerth V, Jesse J. Entrepreneurship der Zukunft. View
  51. Garcia-Lopez A. The Theory of Mind Under Scrutiny. View
  52. Ciesla R. The Book of Chatbots. View
  53. Sarkar N, Goel S. Biomedical Research Developments for Improved Healthcare. View
  54. Mehdi M, Hauck F, Pryss R, Schlee W. Textbook of Tinnitus. View
  55. McKay G. Scham 4.0. View
  56. Malik A, Kumar T. Smart Trends in Computing and Communications. View
  57. Striegl J, Fekih F, Weber G, Loitsch C. Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management. View
  58. Gul K, Panicker S, Morande S, Tewari V. Neuroscientific Insights and Therapeutic Approaches to Eating Disorders. View
  59. Modliński A, Pawlak A. Digital Interaction and Machine Intelligence. View
  60. Srinivasan S, Rajavel N. AI Technologies and Advancements for Psychological Well-Being and Healthcare. View
  61. Cavicchio F. Emotion Detection in Natural Language Processing. View
  62. Mahed Mousavi S, Negro R, Riccardi G. Proceedings of the Eighth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics CliC-it 2021. View
  63. Garg M. Spiritual Artificial Intelligence (SAI). View