Exploring Digital Biomarkers of Illness Activity in Mood Episodes: Hypotheses Generating and Model Development Study

Gerard Anmella   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5 *} , MD ;   Filippo Corponi   ^{6 *} , MD ;   Bryan M Li   ^{6 *} , MSc ;   Ariadna Mas   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , PsyD ;   Miriam Sanabra   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , PsyD, PhD ;   Isabella Pacchiarotti   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Marc Valentí   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Iria Grande   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Antoni Benabarre   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Anna Giménez-Palomo   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD ;   Marina Garriga   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Isabel Agasi   ¹ , RNC ;   Anna Bastidas   ^{1, 4, 5} , RNC ;   Myriam Cavero   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Tabatha Fernández-Plaza   ¹ , MD ;   Néstor Arbelo   ^{1, 3, 4, 5, 7} , MD ;   Miquel Bioque   ^{1, 3, 4, 5, 7} , MD, PhD ;   Clemente García-Rizo   ^{1, 3, 4, 5, 7} , MD, PhD ;   Norma Verdolini   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Santiago Madero   ^{1, 3, 4, 5, 7} , MD ;   Andrea Murru   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Silvia Amoretti   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , PsyD, PhD ;   Anabel Martínez-Aran   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , PsyD, PhD ;   Victoria Ruiz   ¹ , RNC ;   Giovanna Fico   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD ;   Michele De Prisco   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD ;   Vincenzo Oliva   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD ;   Aleix Solanes   ^{2, 4, 5, 8} , MSc, PhD ;   Joaquim Radua   ^{2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10} , MD, PhD ;   Ludovic Samalin   ^{11, 12} , MD, PhD ;   Allan H Young   ¹³ , MD, PhD ;   Eduard Vieta   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Antonio Vergari   ⁶ , MSc, PhD ;   Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei   ^{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

² Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Digital Innovation Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

³ Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

⁴ Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

⁵ Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

⁶ School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

⁷ Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

⁸ Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

⁹ Early Psychosis: Interventions & Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

¹⁰ Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal (UMR 6602), Clermont-Ferrand, France

¹² Association Française de Psychiatrie Biologique et Neuropsychopharmacologie (AFPBN), Paris, France

¹³ Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

*these authors contributed equally